DNA binding is a research area within molecular biology that focuses on the interactions between DNA molecules and other molecules, such as proteins or small molecules. These interactions are crucial for various biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and repair. Researchers study how proteins called transcription factors and enzymes interact with specific sequences of DNA, influencing gene expression and cellular function. Understanding DNA binding can provide insights into how genetic information is regulated and how mutations or dysregulation in DNA binding can lead to diseases such as cancer. Techniques used in this research area include DNA footprinting, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation.